BACtrack S80 Dokumentacja Strona 1

Senior Design Group 8 May 3, 2010 Ashish Thomas | Xi Guo | Brandon Gilzean | Clinton Thomas

7 Figure 1.4-2 shows a detail drawing of S80. A summary of specifications is provided in Table 1.4-3. Figure 1.4-2 S80 Breathalyzer, ima

97 Figure 3.8-3 Voog Concept III The dimension of concept III is 6x2.5x1.75. A 1-inch attachable airflow valve will be located on the left side of

98 designs we’re able to continue on with our next step if the designs are chosen for rapid prototyping. Vector graphic design can be use to accelera

99 Digital computer design of Voog breathalyzer concept II: Figure 3.8-5. Designed by Xi Guo, Senior Design Group 8 Voog-Concept-II

100 4. Software Design 4.1 Software Design Summary The software design as described should define the characteristics of both the hand held unit s

101 independent code, data model, size of double floating-point type, optimization settings, and runtime environment. The settings tha

102 key is in the ignition, the alarm algorithm that will used when the BAC level is over the legal limit, and the status of the car itself. The

103 4.2 Communications The communication will design will be differ from each system. The system that will be taken into account will be the hand he

104 Figure 4.2-1: Diagram illustrating the end device configuration sample from TI. Pending permissions from Texas Instruments Figure 4.2-2: Diagra

105 The control box unit communication will be slightly different. The only communication on the control box unit will be the tran

106 4.3 Portable Unit Software The portable unit software is described to be more of a passive device. This passive device just takes

8 0.000 – 0.400. With a linear response to measured alcohol, the S80 Pro can provide more accurate results over the complete range of al

107 4.3.1 Display Functions In order to communicate over the I2C bus with the display, an accurate “bit-banged” I2C interface was creat

108 4.3.2 Sampling Functions The output of the alcohol and pressure sensors needs to be sampled on separate channels of the ADC, at

109 and allow the user to get access to the vehicle. If the system has passed these requirements then the system will load in the last state which is

110 There will be four states that will manage the control box unit. The first state will be the wait state. The wait state will wait for a valid re

111 Function Description void EnabledState(void) Enables the port 4 pin bit 4 to enable the motor relay, port 4 bit 6 to enable the headlights, and p

112 5.1.2 Gas Detection Sensor This hardware and associated hardware will provide the main function of this project. As such, the gas dete

113 5.1.5 Wireless Communications The wireless communication protocol should be a relatively easily implemented protocol. It should be fairly well kn

114 5.2.1 Verifying Power Hardware Since excessive voltages can damage the integrated circuits, it is necessary to test the voltage regulators and ba

115 Table 5.2.1-1: Summary of optimal Rsense value experiments. Green indicates chosen value (success). 5.2.2 Verifying Gas Detection Mechanisms I

116 Alcohol Fuel Cell Sensor Output Input Sample Reference Voltage ADC Output (1.46 mv/step) BAC Equivalent Value Dry Gas (.04 BAC) 1.5V 62 0.041333

9 1.5 System Overview The Breathalyzer ignition interlock system will be consisting of three major components, the hand-held unit, con

117 order to set default values, such as the contrast, cursor position, character data, etc. Use the application code to send a few test strings or s

118 channel. This will verify the mounting and interfacing characteristics of the sensor, to ensure it falls within requirements. It shoul

119 successful operation. These will be specific to each software routine, based on its intended purpose and defined range of inputs, with t

120 5.4 Software Test Procedure The Breathalyzer system is will be sub divided into two different systems. The control box unit and the hand held u

121 Figure 5.4-1: Diagram illustrating the flow chart control box unit. For the control box unit there will only be input coming from the hand held

122 to use it or not. With that being said, system test procedure plays a great role in our development of the product. 5.5.1 Handheld Breathalyzer c

123 VI. Observe the reference thermometer to verify the simulator has reached the proper operating temperature. Blow a sample into th

124 V. If the gauge on the regulator is at or above 900 PSI take a felt tip pen and mark the needle’s position directly on the glass face of the gau

125 iii. User will then exhale into the handheld breathalyzer for 5 seconds. At the end of the interval, if a sufficient breath sample was provided,

126 6. Administrative Materials 6.1 Business Case In order for our group to establish a working and trusting relationship with our supplier/manu

10 2. Research and Requirements 2.1 Platform The chosen platform for development is a reflection of the design team’s interest in new avenues of work

127 will seek full recognition if the benefit of incorporating will exceed our process cost. 6.1.3 Targeted Consumer Our main targeted consume

128 Fall 2009 Semester Milestones Research and Planning Week 1- Week 2 Group member recruitment Week 3 Exploring potential project ideas Week 4 Di

129 We will begin our purchases for parts and materials needed for the project, which means our budget must be consistently monitored in order for us

130 6.4 Bill of Materials Due to the variety of materials used, the bill of materials was separated into two main sections. All items are listed

131 Capacitor 10 pF TDK Corporation C1608C0G1H100D 1000 Capacitor 0.1 uF Murata Electronics GRM188R71C104KA01D M 1000 Capacitor 10 uF Vishay/Spr

132 Additional Hardware Device Description Manufacturer Part Name QTY Display Device display Newhaven Display C0216CiZ 1 Sensor Alcohol sensor (h

133 6.5 Design Team Ashish Thomas is currently a senior in electrical engineering at the University of Central Florida. He has an interest in

134 Appendix A. A.1 Works Cited "Charging lithium-ion batteries." Welcome to Battery University. Web. 05 Dec. 2009. <http://www.batteryu

135 A.2 Permissions A.2.1 Binder-USA Hi Ashish, Not sure if anyone has replied to you, but as long as this is only being used for academic use it sh

136 Matt Maxim Customer Suppoer >Hello, > >I'd like to request permission to use some diagrams and schematics from the datasheet f

11 camera, GPS location tracking, and mobile internet access, for the purpose of developing a more robust and attractive design solution. 2.1.2 An

137 Subject: Permission to use images Hello, I’d like to request your permission to use several images of circuits on your website in an academic pap

138 Thanks for your email. You can use them as long as you indicate that they are from BatterySpace.com Best Regards, :-) Jasmine Sun BatterySpac

139 Director of Marketing Communications SparkFun Electronics 6175 Longbow Drive, Suite 200 Boulder, CO 80301 www.sparkfun.com From: "Ashish Tho

140 Thanks. A.2.8 Permission Seeking: howstuffworks.com Greetings, My name is Xi Guo, I am writing on behalf of University of Central Florida Fall

141 and or planning to purchase (MQ-3 Sensor and MR-513) on our final documentation, for which it would be submitted to our instructor. If you may, p

142 Regional Sales Director Silicon Microstructures, Inc. From: Clinton Thomas [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Sunday, Apr 04, 2010 10:28 PM

143 Phone: 847-844-8795 -----Original Message----- From: Clinton Thomas [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Sunday, Apr 04, 2010 12:

144 > > I am working on an academic senior design project at the University of > Central > Florida. I respectfully request your permissio

145 Cc: [email protected] Hi Clinton, Thanks for your request. Yes, you may use the images and documentation you need from our website. We wish

12 and interfaces, as well as the complete physical appearance of the device, provides a design team the most dynamic range of va

13 into a discrete digital value, a serial UART (Universal Asynchronous Receiver/Transmitter) for both intra-device communications as well a

14 etc. The collection of final verification is called sign-off, and is the last step before a design is released for fabrication The end result is a

15 Power consumption in an FPGA is a factor of the quantity of gates and logical units that are utilized in the HDL design, so it would be impossible

16 designed power supply chain to provide the 1.5v, 2.5v, and 3.3v sources required for operation Figure 2.2.2.1-1 demonstrates how this FPGA breakou

i TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ...

17 2.2.3 Microcontroller Microcontrollers are a programmable logic solution that provide a wide array of embedded functionality. Essentially, they

18 Figure 2.2.3.1-1 PIC18F2455 - Flash 28-pin High Performance Microcontroller with USB block diagram, permission granted by Microchip. An advant

19 brownout reset and low voltage detect circuits. Therefore, allowing the user to assert what happens when a circuit is in low voltage

20 Figure 2.2.3.2-1 TI EZ430-RF2500, reprinted with permission from Texas Instruments 2.2.4 System Logic Conclusions Based upon a thorou

21 running directly from the power output of the alternator, rather than from the stable output of a healthy car battery being charged fr

22 possible in order to reduce costs on a possible production version of this device, low cost regulators would be ideal. The last requirement is on

23 the current-limiting resistor and the Zener diode used. It is also compact, and should be able to withstand the various requirements p

24 Figure 2.3.4-1: The Dual Output 12 & -5 Voltage DC Regulator Kit produced by EID Corporation. Permission granted by EID Corp. The primary adv

25 2.3.5 LM317 Adjustable Voltage Regulator The LM317 offers a voltage regulation option unlike the ones previously looked at. It is a package that c

26 Figure 2.2.6-1: Configuration of the LM1117V33 as a fixed-output voltage regulator. Copyright STMicroelectronics. Used with permission. As mentio

ii 5.4 SOFTWARE TEST PROCEDURE ... 120 5.5 SYSTEM TE

27 Figure 2.3.7-1: TL780-05 Fixed-output voltage regulator implementation diagram. Reproduced with permission from Texas Instruments. 2.3.8 Voltage

28 2.4 Power & I/O Interface Since one of the overall design requirements of this project is to connect the portable unit to the

29 Figure 2.4.1-1: Female USB Type B connector. Reproduced with permission granted by sparkfun.com. Figure 2.4.1-2: USB female Type A connector pi

30 Figure 2.4.2-1: The DB9 female connector for use with RS232 serial. Reproduced with permission of sparkfun.com. 2.4.3 Non-Standard Connector Give

31 These connectors are manufactured and distributed by binder-USA. The series 678 connector offers a bayonet locking nut, high cycle life,

32 Figure 2.4.4-1: RJ-45 8-pin connectors. Reproduced with permission of sparkfun.com. 2.4.5 USB (Out of Spec) Another option would be to use

33 Figure 2.4.5-1: USB male Type A connectors. Reproduced with permission from sparkfun.com. This arrangement would utilize all four pins. Althoug

34 Connector Pins Extra logic? Cost (appx) Lead Time Size USB 4 FT232 Usb to Serial converter board = $28 $1.25+1.25+26 = 28.50 2 Weeks Compact Seria

35 into place. One being that this LED should provide enough light to light up in dark areas. This means that the LED must operate between a waveleng

36 Figure 2.5.1.1: Spec sheet to show dimensions of LED. Reprinted with permission granted by Fairchild Semiconductor. Figure 2.5.1.2: Spec sheet

1 1. Introduction 1.1 Executive Summary Determining the breath alcohol content of a driver under the influence can be a well tested and exhausting p

37 There will be four sets of LEDs implemented for indicating the state of the person level of alcohol consumption. On the hand held unit, t

38  Design – This will be most important feature. In the beginning the developer has to lay down the outline of how the design will flow

39 Figure 2.6.1.1: Diagram showing the input and output software flow chart for the hand held unit Figure 2.6.1.2: Diagram showing the states o

40 A description of the varying hand held unit machine states is as follows. HHU Reading State – Read in input from the sensor, allow only the push b

41 System Mode 01 – If the System Mode is set to 01 then software will process the data to unlock the lock to start the car. System

42 level of breath alcohol is over a state-mandated tolerance level, usually between 0.02% to 0.04% blood alcohol concentration, the interlock system

43 though, traditionally it might not be a device that people would want to install in their vehicle voluntarily. In the early phase of our de

44 with the handheld unit and the relay to provide proper operation of the breath test and the starting of the car. The first choice option for initi

45 Figure 2.8-2. Image provided with permission from by sparkfun.com With 3.16 x 3.95”, it will be substantial for mounting our microcontroller in a

46 Figure 2.8-4 Image provided with permission granted by Pactech Enclosures Hand-held Unit Enclosure Although Senior Design group have the intentio

2 This user is not off the hook just yet, the control box unit will require another sample reading at a random time interval. If the use

47 Figure 2.8-4 Image provided with permission granted by Pactech Enclosures Since PPT-3468 is a new design product, it will be available for free s

48 Enclosure Design Sketches of our preliminary design concept are provided in Section 3.8, followed by graphical creation of Breathalyzer unit in th

49 One such display under consideration, the Lumex LDD-A5004RI is commonly used in portable electronic devices, including personal br

50 an arrangement of various other symbols to the target audience. The clarity of these characters is a function of the dot-density of the individual

51 incorporate an LCD for use in portable electronics often have their own microcontrollers integrated, for the purpose of receiving

52 determines if the user is capable of maneuvering a vehicle safely. Therefore, due to the nature of this project, the accuracy of the sensor output

53 Figure 2.10-1: MQ-3 Alcohol Sensor, Reproduced with permission from: Sparkfun.com Figure 2.10-2: Standard MQ3 alcohol configuration. Reproduce

54 Figure 2.10-3: MR-513 Gas Sensor. Reproduced with permission granted by Futurlec.com The cost of this model, MR-513 is twice as much as the previ

55 documented below to aid the design team design the rest of the breathalyzer system if this time of sensor is chosen. The fuel cell

56 quantity for purchase Semi Conductor Low cost Easy to obtain Matured technology (More resources available) Available for single sensor pur

3 By studies, people who have previous drunk driving convictions makes up one-third of the drunk driving deaths in the United States and in addition,

57 The battery will have to supply power a few main components: the general logic on the board, and any power required by the alcohol sensor, as well

58 As this device will be used by a member of the general public with little to no training or formal instruction on the device, usability

59 will be charged reverse from how they should be charged. Essentially, deep discharging solves the issue of premature voltage dropoff, b

60 While there are many varieties and configurations of nickel metal hydride batteries, there are no significant variances as far as the di

61 The largest concern with lithium ion batteries is their safety. This is a major consideration of battery selection. Lithium ion

62 A very common type of rechargeable battery is the lead acid battery. It is used in a variety of applications, including marine and automotive use.

63 2.11.6 Zinc Nickel Battery While zinc nickel batteries have been used in various forms for years, this technology’s entry into the

64 Battery Type Cost Size (inches) Lead Times Performance Voltage output Recharge Cycles Alkaline $12 Size of standard 9V <1 Week Poor; limited r

65 In this case, the battery chosen was a nickel metal hydride battery. While in the battery comparison section, it had several advantages compared

66 2.12.2 Simple Charging Circuit Even using the previous solution of a separate charger, it would also create the problem of a limited use device. T

4 Different perceptions of the ignition interlock system, a standard of public safety at the same time without taking away the beauty of one’s vehic

67 Figure 2.12.2-2: Simple charging circuit. Permission granted by Colin Mitchell of http://talkingelectronics.com/ . This is sufficient for a slow

68 the battery (charging cycles). Given the fixed nature of the battery to begin with, making the battery last as long as possible is a consideration

69 Figure 2.12.3-1: A typical implementation of the Texas Instruments BQ24005. Reproduced with permission of Texas Instruments. While lithium ion b

70 Figure 2.12.3-2: Configuration of the APG configuration (as opposed to the thermistor configuration) of the BQ24005. Reproduced with permission o

71 Charging Circuit Cost Size Complexity Robustness to power faults Simple resistor network Very low Small Very simple None Fast charge resistor netw

72 2.13.2 Pitot Tube A Pitot (pee-toe) tube is an instrument for measuring fluid flow velocity. First conceived in the early 1700’s by a

73 Figure 2.13.3-1 Silicon Microsystems SM5852 Series Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Chips, printed with permission pending by Silicon Micros

74 3. Hardware Design While software will be a major component of our project, hardware must also be considered. Through the design process, there wa

75 A basic arrangement of signal flow into the microcontroller and out of the microcontroller must be established. As such, the microc

76 Figure 3.1-2: Signal flow summary of the base/control unit. Small arrows indicate flow into the microcontroller, and large arrows indicate output

5 obvious, the price. A lower-end professional breath-analyzing device can easily cost up to $250-$500 dollars as oppose to a personal test

77 the design team chose devices that could take advantage of this interface standard. Unfortunately, due to a restriction in multi

78 Standard features of the I²C bus include the ability to detect data collision between multiple communicating devices, different m

79 communications at the same time, which would cause data collision and corruption. Figure 3.2.1-3 I²C Start and Stop Clock Conditions,

80 Seen below is Figure 3.2.1-5, a diagram of the hand held unit I²C bus. In this diagram, the Microcontroller will act as the bus master, driving t

81 UART, which allows the board to be programmed using the provided software installed on a Windows-based development machine, as well as

82 Composer is based off a very popular, open-source development environment called Eclipse. Computer Science courses at the Universi

83 convert into these discrete values is defined by its upper and lower voltage reference. While the integrated ADC has an internal, soft

84 Component Current Draw (mA) Display – backlight ON 70 Sensor 50 Wireless ON 95 Other components 700 Total 1,610 mA = 1.61 A Table 3.3-1:

85 The battery itself must be recharged. While various configurations were discussed earlier, the built-in battery configuration turns

86 Table 3.3.1-1: LED status code table. Reprinted with permission of Texas Instruments. A designed schematic of the portable unit’s power supply is

6 Figure 1.4-1 (AlcoHawk Slim) Reprinted with permission from breathalyzer.net For a low-end consumer breathalyzer, AlcoHawk Slim also employs an el

87 Figure 3.3.1-1: Designed schematic for hand held unit power supply 3.3.2 Control Unit Power Supply The needs of the control, or base, unit are f

88 circuit, the focus on reducing the idle power draw of the control unit would not be served by adding in LEDs which may remain on indefinitely. F

89 Figure 3.3.4 illustrates the pin out for the C0216CiZ, as well as the connection diagram to establish reliable communications between the display

90 3.5 Portable Unit Circuit Board Given our variety of smaller circuitry and need for a compact solution, an organized form of assembli

91 possible circuit density is also much higher, allowing for a much more compact circuit layout. As far as the aforementioned durability, a PCB woul

92 Figure 3.6.3-1: Layout of printed circuit board. To understand the component placement better, a simulated view of the finished product is availa

93 openings are set at 0.1” spacing (2.54mm) to standardize them for use with standard spaced interconnect headers. Figure 3.6.3-2: A s

94 In order to do this, two issues had to be considered. First, the charging circuit must be disconnected. Secondly, the issue of switching the volt

95 composing of white polyurethane plastic surfacing majority of the unit. An initial sketch provided in Figure 3.8-1. Figure 3.8-1 Voog Concept I T

96 Figure 3.8-2 Voog Concept II In this design, a bigger LCD screen will be utilized to achieve a quality build. A black trim will be made with bla